An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians
Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq,
Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
15-18
Received:
31 May 2022
Accepted:
22 June 2022
Published:
29 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11
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Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a globally recognised nosocomial and opportunistic pathogen which is one of the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, patients having cystic fibrosis (CF) and immunosuppression. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the species most commonly associated with human disease, particularly nosocomial infections. Other opportunistic species of Pseudomonas include Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens (associated with blood transfusions), and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Hospitalized patients may be colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa at moist sites such as perineum, ear & axilla. It is the most commonest opportunistic pathogen, especially in the hospital setting mainly due to its resistance to many antibiotics, ability to adapt to a wide range of physical conditions and minimal nutritional requirements. Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly challenging due to its versatile capability to resist different antibiotic classes through various mechanisms (Intrinsic, extrinsic & adaptive) of resistance. Tremendous rampant usage of antibiotics in clinical practice across the globe nourished the path of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for development of varied resistance mechanisms. Moreover, adaptive antibiotic resistance mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to biofilm-mediated resistance by forming multidrug-tolerant persister cells, which can cause relapse of infection. This review attempts to highlight different resistance mechanisms, variable host immune response & clinical variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a globally recognised nosocomial and opportunistic pathogen which is one of the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, patients having cystic fibrosis (CF) and immunosuppression. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the species most commonly associated with human disease, particularly nosocomial infections. O...
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Evaluation of Colostrum Quality - A Narrative Brief Overview
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
19-24
Received:
14 June 2022
Accepted:
4 July 2022
Published:
18 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.iji.20221002.12
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Abstract: The objective of this narrative review is to synthesize studies relating to the estimation of colostrum quality on farms before feeding neonates. This is one of the best ways to ensure that the colostrum management program succeeds in transferring passive immunity to provide sufficient protection from pathogens and improve their health. It should be rapid, inexpensive, and easy to use. Colostrum is the first milk secreted by female mammals immediately after birth during the first few days, and its composition differs from that of the mature milk. It contains unique components rich in nutritional micro and macronutrients, and many bioactive substances like antimicrobial factors, growth factors, which all newborn mammals need to develop the digestive system, resist microbial infections, and boost immune systems to promote lifelong health and immunity, it is a divine immune gift from the Creator. Consequently, newborns should receive sufficient high-quality colostrum containing optimal immunoglobulins (Igs) level within the first few hours after birth to protect them from pathogens until the immune system develops. Therefore, the estimation of colostrum quality should be routinely checked on farms prior to feeding neonates. Colostrum quality assessment is based on the Igs level, where high-quality colostrum is defined as having an IgG value ≥ 50 mg/mL, and it can be evaluated using direct or indirect methods. It can also be improved when factors affecting the nutritional and immunological composition are considered.
Abstract: The objective of this narrative review is to synthesize studies relating to the estimation of colostrum quality on farms before feeding neonates. This is one of the best ways to ensure that the colostrum management program succeeds in transferring passive immunity to provide sufficient protection from pathogens and improve their health. It should b...
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