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Determinant of TT (Tetanus Toxoid) Immunization Compliance on Pregnant Women in the Tawaeli Health Center Working Area
Rosmala Nur,
Munawarah,
Sitti Radhiah,
Novi Inriyanny Suwendro,
Nurhaya Suardi Patui,
Elvaria Mantao,
Rahma Dwi Larasati,
Ulfa Aulia
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
13-17
Received:
30 July 2019
Accepted:
23 August 2019
Published:
19 May 2020
Abstract: The 2015 Inter-Census Population Survey showed Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of Indonesia 305/100,000KH, in Central Sulawesi Province AKI in 2017 was as many as 89 cases/100.000KH, of which 3.3% was caused by Tetanus Neonatorum infection by Clostridium tetani bacteria. The coverage of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) immunization in Palu City during 2018 was 87.6% which was conducted in the Tawaeli Health Center. TT immunization coverage in 2015 was (51.4%), in 2016 amounted to (41.96%), in 2017 amounting to (39.5%), this is one indication of the potential for maternal mortality due to infection is still a threat. The objective of the research was to determine the determinants of compliance with TT immunization for pregnant women and their impact on maternal and infant mortality in the Tawaeli Community Health Center work area. The study used quantitative with a cross sectional approach. The population was pregnant women and postpartum mothers who were in the area of the Tawaeli Community Health Center with 74 people taken by accidental sampling. The results of the study showed that mothers who obeyed complete TT immunization were 33 respondents (44.6%) and those who did not comply with complete TT immunization were 41 respondents (55.4%). The chi-square test results showed that the level of knowledge (p = 0.017), attitude (p = 0,000), family support for compliance with TT immunization of pregnant women (p = 0.016). In conclusion, the determinants of adherence to TT immunization for pregnant women are knowledge, attitudes and family support. We recommend that midwives and cadres do IEC regarding the importance of TT immunization for pregnancy and increase coverage by swiping TT immunization into the homes of pregnant women.
Abstract: The 2015 Inter-Census Population Survey showed Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of Indonesia 305/100,000KH, in Central Sulawesi Province AKI in 2017 was as many as 89 cases/100.000KH, of which 3.3% was caused by Tetanus Neonatorum infection by Clostridium tetani bacteria. The coverage of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) immunization in Palu City during 2018 was 87...
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Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Aditi Singh,
Elcim Eroglulari,
Athar Aziz
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
18-24
Received:
24 July 2019
Accepted:
10 September 2019
Published:
3 June 2020
Abstract: Calcium (Ca2+) is a key secondary messenger. It is responsible for the generation of intracellular signals which regulates the cellular division, differentiation and cell death. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) is maintained at a 105-fold lower level than the extracellular calcium concentration. The rise in [Ca2+]i induces differentiation in stem cells and this increased [Ca2+]i also serves as an early indicator of cellular death by apoptosis. In haematological malignancies such as chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), the cells are arrested in the megakaryocytic stage and are unable to differentiate into platelets. In this study, we treated two cell lines derived from CML patients-K562 and Marimo, with Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) - fendiline and BTP2. We examined the effects of CCBs on cellular differentiation and growth in the two cell lines. The [Ca2+]i was found to increase with the increasing concentration of the CCBs. The morphology of the cells was then examined under a light microscope. It was observed that this increasing [Ca2+]i subsequently induced differentiation in both the cell lines. Differentiation is closely linked with proliferation. At even higher concentrations (25 µM), it was observed that these CCBs led to a decline in the number of cells. Cell cycle analysis was then performed to verify if the CCBs had an apoptotic effect on the cell lines. On performing cell cycle analysis, it was concluded that these CCBs at a higher concentration triggered apoptosis in the cells. The results suggest that CCBs causes increase in the intracellular calcium concentration in the cell lines which leads to differentiation of the hematopoietic stem cells. In addition to this, these CCBs are toxic for the cells at high concentrations as they induce apoptosis in the cell lines.
Abstract: Calcium (Ca2+) is a key secondary messenger. It is responsible for the generation of intracellular signals which regulates the cellular division, differentiation and cell death. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) is maintained at a 105-fold lower level than the extracellular calcium concentration. The rise in [Ca2+]i induces differentiat...
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Factors Influencing Utilization of Child Immunization Services in a Tertiary Health Institution in Sokoto North-West Nigeria
Oluwole Victor Oluwalomola,
Ebenezer Obi Daniel,
Paul Olaiya Abiodun,
Israel Olukayode Popoola,
Kabir Yunusa Amari,
Ahmed Mamuda Bello,
Christie Omolola Adams,
Olayinka Victor Ojo
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
25-32
Received:
6 May 2020
Accepted:
22 May 2020
Published:
3 June 2020
Abstract: Despite our hygiene and safety some infections can still spread hence the need for vaccination and immunization of people especially during childhood. The high effectiveness of immunization in preventing diseases and death as made immunization one of public health’s most cost-effective intervention. When parents fail or do not complete their child’s vaccination, diseases that are long gone might re-appear. This study aimed at determining the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers/guide towards immunization and the factors affecting utilization of immunization services in a tertiary institution in North-West Nigeria. One hundred and thirty-eight mothers/guides participated in this cross-sectional study. Respondents were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. A 47-item questionnaire on the self-reported knowledge, attitudes and practices towards utilization of immunization services was formulated and used for data collection. A focus group discussion which involved three vaccination health workers working in the health facility was also carried out in the study. A large proportion of the participants are within the age group of 21-30 (60.14%). Those who had no formal education, 53 (38.41%) were the majority. This study revealed that 93% have poor knowledge while 7% have good knowledge about immunization. 57.97% have good attitudes and 42.03% have poor attitude towards immunization. 52.90% have good practices while 47.10% have poor practices towards immunization. Level of education was revealed to have statistical significant relationship with mothers/guides knowledge, attitude and practice towards immunization. Factors such as lack of husbands’ consent, absence from town, sick child, travel cost and travel distance were reported to affect utilization of immunization services. According to the outcome of this study, it implies that a high proportion of mothers/guides have poor knowledge about immunization. Efforts should be made to appropriately educate mothers/guides on various vaccine preventable diseases and appropriate immunization schedules to ensure better compliance. Lack of husband’s consent is a major factor that affects the utilization of child immunization services by mothers/guides. Therefore, efforts should be targeted at educating men and employ necessary campaigns to change gender discrimination in relationships and households in this part of Nigeria.
Abstract: Despite our hygiene and safety some infections can still spread hence the need for vaccination and immunization of people especially during childhood. The high effectiveness of immunization in preventing diseases and death as made immunization one of public health’s most cost-effective intervention. When parents fail or do not complete their child’...
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Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of Clerodendrum inerme on Human PBMC
Akash Lashmanasamy,
Rachinnth Ravichandran,
Kalavathy Gengiah,
Sivaraj Chandrasekar,
Arumugam Perumal
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
33-37
Received:
17 March 2020
Accepted:
11 June 2020
Published:
20 June 2020
Abstract: Medicinal and ornamental plants have been used for many centuries in various ayurvedic treatments and chinese medicine. Many of which have proven to possess many bioactive compounds which may treat many deadly ailments. One such medicinal and ornamental plant is the Clerodendrum inerme. The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Clerodendrum inerme is well proven by many previously established works of literature. This provides a pathway to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the plant since anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity go hand in hand. This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the methanolic activity of Clerodendrum inerme. The leaves were harvested, dried and extracted using methanol. The phytochemical analysis for the extract was conducted and a column chromatography was performed to separate the extract into various fractions. Cell proliferation and NO inhibition assay was performed for each fraction and a GC-MS analysis for the best fraction was performed to identify the key compounds responsible for the immunomodulatory activity. The crude extract showed the presence of many key phytochemical groups. The column chromatography yielded eight different fractions and the sixth fraction was found to possess the best immunomodulatory activity as it showed the most significant reduction in cellular proliferation as well as nitric oxide production. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of fourteen compounds in the key fraction.
Abstract: Medicinal and ornamental plants have been used for many centuries in various ayurvedic treatments and chinese medicine. Many of which have proven to possess many bioactive compounds which may treat many deadly ailments. One such medicinal and ornamental plant is the Clerodendrum inerme. The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Clerodendrum inerme is well ...
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